The political and international relation's experts have not been able too define the European Union (EU) in legal and political terms. The reality is that the EU's charter is not clearly defined and due to this, most Europeans desire the exit of their countries through referendum. The purpose of this article is to present an EU new interpretation. The author believes that this union can be gradually substituted by a "Subsidiary Union".The titles such as federation, confederation, and even empire, republic, or a collection of countries are used for EU and all have failed to illuminate the true nature of this union. EU has never been a country, but a unique phenomenon.EU has avoided to become a country and the members of this union do not like this title and the centre of all these discrepancies arise from the fact that EU in contrast to practical experiences, political theories and philosophies insists on not becoming a country. Why is it so? The reasons are clear. On the one hand, the union's members have fear towards transferring their sovereignty and on the other hand, the other minor and major members know this unpleasant truth that it is probable to lose their sovereignty in globalization process. Unity and partnership are the only ways to save themselves from this. Therefore, the members try to establish a society of European countries that do not change into a country and simultaneously defend the members and their sovereignties. The realization of this idea is still a secret among politicians. This study analyzes this secret.

Subsidiary punishment, based on the principle of the legality of punishments, is imposed on the perpetrator in addition to the main punishment, depending on the commission of the crime. Subsidiary (Consequential) punishment requires a provision in the law. In intentional murder, the perpetrator is deprived of inheriting property and Diye (blood money) and in quasi-intentional murders and sheer mistake, he is deprived of inheriting Diye. If there are justified reasons for the crime, such as legitimate defense and the law, this punishment will not be applied to the perpetrator. However, in the cases of factors that eliminate criminal liability, such as murder by a minor and an insanity, forced, murder in sleep, unconsciousness, and murder by mistake, the perpetrator is deprived of inheritance. The application of exclusion in inheritance is not limited to the heir, and the possibility of applying it to the testator, the heir, and the deputy in the case of murder needs to be investigated. Deprivation of inheritance in case of murder is a preventive measure against the occurrence of murder, so that people who commit murder with greed to reach the deceased’s estate, refrain from committing it.

An optimization model with a multi objective function subject to a system of fuzzy relation equations with Yager’s union operator is presented. The solution set of such a fuzzy relation equations is a non-convex set. Thus, the ordinary methods such as simplex or interior point methods don't use for solving these problems. In this paper, we first characterize the feasible solution set and then, optimize a linear objective function. In order to optimize it, we convert it to an equivalent problem involving 0-1 integer programming with a branch-and-bound solution technique. Finally, we optimize a multi objective function with LP metric methods. Furthermore, a concrete example is included for illustration purpose.

An optimization model with a linear objective function subject to a system of fuzzy relation equations with Yager's union operator in special case is presented. The solution set of such a fuzzy relation equations is a non-convex set. In this paper, we characterize the feasible solution set and then, optimize a linear objective function. In order to optimize it, we convert it to an equivalent problem involving 0-1 integer programming with a branch-and-bound solution technique. Furthermore, a concrete example is included for illustration purpose.

In this research, unsubsidized baking and subsidized baking are compared. To achieve this, we have used causual comparison and questioner methods. Bread consumers in four provinces (Azarbyjansharghi, Khorasanjonobi, Esfahan, and Sistanvabalochestan) are asked some questions. These questioners were aimed at getting their idea about quality and quantity of bread. The main hypothsis of this research was: “ the quality of unsubsidized bakery is better than subsidized bread” . Results show that consumers are more satisfied with unsubsidized bread than subsidized bread. 85% of consumers in four provinces prefer unsubsidized bread while 25% prefer subsidized bread due to their financial problems, however they are not satisfied by the bread which made by subsidized flour. Also, results point to the fact that bread waste is more in subsidized bakery.

The purpose of the present study was to identify the lived experiences of the members of the East Azarbaijan Teachers chr('39')Union of the challenges and problems of the teacherschr('39') union. The nature of this research was a qualitative descriptive phenomenology based on the lived experiences of the members of the teacherschr('39') union. The statistical population of the study included all members of the East Azarbaijan Teacherschr('39') Union, where 12 people were invited to participate using purposive sampling method and in terms of theoretical saturation among teachers who had experience in union activities. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. To confirm the validity and accuracy of the research, the validity, reliability and verifiability of the data were examined. Data were analyzed using Klaizi method. . In general, the research findings included two general dimensions: 1-activities of Teacherschr('39') Union (including 5 main themes: improving teachers, Cultural-political interaction and bargaining, Correcting the problems of the educational system, Improving the professional identity of teachers, Organizing and managing protests), 2-problems and challenges of Teacherschr('39') Union( including 3 main themes: government problems and obstacles, Problems within the union of activists, Problems related to teachers). The results showed that teachers are trying to present their demands to the government and create the necessary pressure by forming civil and non-political classes. Among these, the most important of these organizations, which has no affiliation with the government and politics, is the Independent Teacherschr('39') Union, which works to fulfill the rights and demands of teachers.